FACULTY OF SPORT SCIENCE AND RECREATIONAL

SRT 605

STATISTICS IN SPORT AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

TITLE

ACTIVITY PROFILE BETWEEN WINNERS AND LOSERS IN SILAT OLAHRAGA MALE CATEGORY CLASS C, SEA GAMES 2015

PREPARED BY

FADLIN SAKINA BINTI ABU BAKAR

2016690784

PREPARED FOR

DR. MOHAMAD NIZAM BIN MOHAMED SHAPIE

SUBMISSION DATE

18^TH DECEMBER 2017

Abstract

The purpose of this report is to study or find activity profile between loser and winners in male Silat Tanding Class C at the 28th 2015 SEA Games Singapore matches based on descriptive study. All notational taking are using hand notational system by identify 14 different types of event performed by the 2 contestant from the beginning and end of the action period. A freely accessible video recording of each silat matches in Sea Games Singapore 2015 from YouTube was utilized for investigation. The system used to identify 14 different types of event performed by the 2 contestants as well as the start and end of action periods. The data about the nature of the activity performed within fight periods can be combined with the analysis done by previous study to provide a detailed description of the demands of the sport and assist in the development of specific training programmers. The approach used here would be useful to apply to other sports whose work and rest periods have been investigated to give a greater understanding of the type and frequency of action within the work periods.

INTRODUCTION

Silat is a term used to describe the martial arts forms practiced throughout the Malay Archipelago. It is traditionally practiced in Malaysia especially, Southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and Indonesia. Silat is a combative form of the

Malay fighting arts. Silat can be divided into two main categories which are “Silat Seni” (Artistry event) and “Tanding” (Match event). The uniqueness of Tanding is in the rules. In the rule, there are basic commands, timing for each match, target area for hitting the opponent, and the scoring points for each of the area that is being attacked. For the basic commands, the “Wasit” or referee appointed will issue the command “Sedia”, meaning “Ready”. Then, he will shout “Mula”, meaning “Begin”. Immediately the “gong” will be struck. When the wasit wants to stop the fight, he will shout “Berhenti”, meaning “Stop”. Every time the fighters step out of the ring, the wasit will also stop the fight and bring the fighters back to the center of the arena. If a fighter repeatedly steps outside the ring, especially if he's stepping backwards, the wasit may issue him a penalty point and if he continues to do that, he may also be given 2 penalty points. If after that he still continues to step out of the ring, the wasit may even decide to end the fight and proclaim his opponent the winner. There are three rounds of fighting of two minutes for every round, with oneminute rest between each round.

Pencak Silat competition category which presents a match between two Pesilat (contestants) from different teams. Both contestants confront each other using defense and attack elements such as repulse, dodge, hit, attack at the target and drop the opponent using competition tactics and techniques and maintaining stamina and fighting spirit, applying principles and steps patterns (pola langkah) by demonstrating the richness of jurus techniques, in order to score the most.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Every match consists of three (3) rounds in total of fighting. Two (2) minutes for every round, with 1 minute rest between each round. The outcome used is hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent. Hit target will be counted if the kick and topple is made hit the body pad or target. Hit elsewhere if the kick and topple is made hit the other part of body that not hit the target or body pad. Meanwhile the miss opponent will be counted when the kick or topple is made did not hit the opponent.

MATCH ANALYSIS

A video recording that is publicly available that shows two male silat match at the 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015 was used for analysis purposes. The first male match was a quarterfinal between Vietnam and Singapore, second match Laos versus Philippine (quarterfinal), third match between Vietnam and Laos () and last match of men tanding class C of the 60kg weight category was between Vietnam and Thailand. The system was used to identify 14 different types of event performed by the two contestants as well as the start and end of action periods at each match.

Video were played at a slower rate of 50% and shown in sequences that were repeated to allow an accurate measurement of each of the offensive and defensive movement category. The video were paused and played again to ease the analysis. Silat exponent motion was subjectively categorized based on Shapie M.N.M. et al (2013) for silat competition. Information could be entered into the computer system using a ‘Mouse’, via representation on the screen of the silat match. The commencement and completion of each individual action period was notated using hand notational.

MOTION CATEGORIES

In silat, movements are categorize into 14 different silat exponent’s motion and are define as follow:

Punch:

The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with closed fist hitting the target. In silat, punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to exponent body’s (Anuar, 1992).

Kick:

The kick ‘tendang’ or ‘terajang’ is an ataacking movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick

‘tendang depan’, side kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘ tendang lengkar’(Anuar, 1992).

Block:

The blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying

‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back at any attck (Anuar, 1992).

Catch:

The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also forbidden. These regulations exit to protect the silat exponent’s (Anuar, 1992).

Topple:

There are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bad or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every falls is considered valid as long as the sila exponent topples his opponent down without wresting or he is able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down (Anuar, 1992).

Sweep:

Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground to unstable him and brings down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this attacking movement either with his right or left leg. Hence, front sweep ‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg (Anuar, 1992).

Evade/Dodge:

The evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as dodging

‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’ ducking ‘susup’ and etc. (Anuar, 1992).

Self-Release:

Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an opponent (Anuar, 1993).

Block and Punch:

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent (Shapie, Oliver,O’Donoghue, & Tong, 2013).

Block and Kick:

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).

Block and Sweep:

The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).

Fake Punch:

An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).

Fake Kick:

An action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).

All the activities are considered high intensity except for others which at that time both silat exponents are in low intensity periods.

RELIABILITY OF OBSERVATION

The author analyzed all the activities and simultaneously classified each change of motion in a single match. Two observation were done separated by 48 hours. It requires experienced silat practitioners to analyze the data as the movement of both exponents is fast, needing close inspection. The classification of movement was subjective with work being classified according to instruction given by the referee.

STATISCAL ANALYSIS

The observation generated data will be frequency counted. Mean and staandard deviation (SD) for all the marker has been computed to locate the measurable factors that separated winning and losing group. Statistical analysis was conducted by using statistical package for social scientist (SPSS).

RESULTS

1^ST MATCH : MEN’S QUARTERFINALS CLASS C 60 KG VIETNAM (WINNER) VS SINGAPORE (LOSER)

Legends : Others for both country mean each “Mulai” or Begin.

FREQUENCY TABLE

Exponent	Punch	Kick	Topple	Sweep	Total
Vietnam (Winner)	1	9	2	6	16
Singapore (Loser)	3	17	4	4	28
Total	4	26	6	10	66

2^ND MATCH : MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG LAOS (WINNER) VS PHILIPPINES (LOSER)

Winner: Laos

Legends : Others for both country mean each “Mulai” or Begin.

FREQUENCY TABLE

Exponent	Punch	Kick	Topple	Sweep	Total
Laos (winner)	9	18	6	4	37
Philippines (loser)	6	17	4	2	29
Total	15	35	10	6	66

3^RD MATCH : MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG LAOS (LOSER) VS VIETNAM (WINNER)

Winner: Vietnam

Legends : Others for both country mean each “Mulai” or Begin.

FREQUENCY TABLE

Exponent	Punch	Kick	Topple	Sweep	Total
Laos (loser)	9	21	4	3	37
Vietnam (winner)	8	12	4	5	29
Total	17	33	8	8	66

4^TH MATCH : MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG THAILAND (WINNER) VS VIETNAM (LOSER)

Winner: Thailand

Legends : Others for both country mean each “Mulai” or Begin.

FREQUENCY TABLE

Exponent	Punch	Kick	Topple	Sweep	Total
Vietnam (loser)	10	15	3	6	34
Thailand (winner)	11	11	3	3	28
Total	21	26	6	9	62

DISCUSSION

Based on the result from the tables, group statistics can be found by the SPSS software that being used to calculated all the possible data according to the notated exponent statistics.

According to the results collected, for the first match Vietnam versus Singapore, Vietnam athlete won the match through kicking and sweeping action with percentage of 8.57% and 12.86%. Hit target from Vietnam is slightly different compare to Singapore which is 4. The second match between Laos and Philippine which is won by Laos. Even though hit target from Laos is lower than Philippine, but he has less hit elsewhere compare to Philippine. While the third match is between Vietnam and Laos. For this match won by Vietnam because Laos athlete are lack on self-defense if compared to Vietnam athlete. Last match between Vietnam and Thailand, and Thailand won for this game. Hit target made by Vietnam is more than Thailand but Thailand have less miss opponent compare to Vietnam.

CONCLUSION

From notation made, it can conclude that post-event analysis of hand notation indicates that the prototype system developed for this study can be used to record and evaluate a silat olahraga match. This study complemented with those of the broad work and rest study undertaken by Shapie et al (2013). The current study has provided a great understanding of information for the silat olahraga by looking at the activity involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more high intensity actions than low intensity actions (i.e. the frequency count).

However it is important to understand that high intensity actions will contribute more in the score points (i.e. outcome that count) rather than low intensity actions. There is also a range of frequency in attacking and defensive activities used by both of the exponents. The winner (blue exponent) used more kicks than the loser which may reflect greater skill or fitness or both. However, it is still doubtful that these are the only factors that influence the match.

The data collected would help them to realize their mistakes that they could not know as they were focusing on the game. Coaches and athletes can sit together to talk about the previous match and share their experience towards the game for better improvement and preparations for the other competitions.

RECOMMENDATION

It is recommended that future studies determine the full range of activities performed with movement classifications and the variation of strikes that contribute to losing and winning the match.

It is recommended that those developing conditioning elements of training programs for silat olahraga athletes are aware of the frequency and spread of durations of action and rest periods within action periods. The implication from a coaching perspective of the types and frequencies of strikes used would suggest that in training, a large proportion of time needs to be utilized in development of kicking and blocking as well as the conditioning of lower limbs in order to absorbs strikes and resist fatigue during a match to being able to defend and counter attack effectively.

REFERENCES